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Moldavite – rare natural tektite (impact glass)
Moldavite

Moldavite – rare natural tektite (impact glass)

Moldavite – a natural green tektite from the Czech Republic

Moldavite is a natural green impact glass belonging to the tektite group. It formed approximately 14.7 million years ago during the impact of a large meteorite that created the Ries impact crater in present-day Germany. The tremendous energy of the collision melted surface rocks, which were ejected high into the atmosphere, cooled rapidly during flight and eventually fell mainly across what is now the Czech Republic.

Moldavites typically display green, olive-green, bottle-green or greenish-brown colours. They range from transparent and translucent to nearly opaque. Their surfaces may be smooth, etched, wrinkled or deeply sculptured. These distinctive natural textures developed over millions of years through weathering processes after the glass was deposited in sediments.

Moldavite is neither a meteorite nor an ordinary mineral. It is a natural amorphous impact glass formed during an extraordinary cosmic event. Because of its limited occurrence, Czech origin and unique appearance, Moldavite is considered one of the world's most desirable tektites and collector materials.

Basic mineralogical data of Moldavite

Name Moldavite (Vltavín)
Group Tektites – natural impact glass
Main composition Silicon dioxide with aluminium, iron and other oxides
Structure Amorphous, no crystal structure
Colour Green, olive green, bottle green to greenish-brown
Hardness Approximately 5.5–7 on the Mohs scale
Density Approximately 2.32–2.38 g/cm³
Lustre Vitreous
Transparency Transparent to opaque
Age Approximately 14.7 million years

How Moldavite formed

Moldavite is directly linked to the meteorite impact that created the Ries impact crater in southern Germany. During the collision, enormous quantities of rock were instantly melted and ejected hundreds of kilometres from the impact site.

While travelling through the atmosphere, the molten droplets cooled rapidly and solidified into natural glass. After landing, they remained buried in sediments for millions of years, where weathering processes gradually produced the characteristic sculptured surfaces seen on many Moldavite specimens today.

Main Moldavite localities

The most important Moldavite deposits are located in South Bohemia, particularly around České Budějovice, Český Krumlov and the Vltava River basin. Moldavites are also found in South Moravia, where they may differ slightly in colour, shape and surface texture from Bohemian specimens.

  • South Bohemia: Besednice, Chlum nad Malší, Vrábče, Ločenice and the České Budějovice region.
  • South Moravia: the Třebíč and Znojmo regions together with several smaller localities.
  • Peripheral occurrences: smaller Moldavite finds are also known from Austria and Germany.

Frequently Asked Questions about Moldavite

Is Moldavite a mineral?

More precisely, Moldavite is a natural amorphous impact glass and a variety of tektite. Unlike true minerals, it has no regular crystal structure.

Is Moldavite a meteorite?

No. Moldavite did not originate from the meteorite itself but from terrestrial rocks that were melted and ejected during the impact.

Why is Moldavite green?

Its colour is controlled by the chemical composition of the natural glass, particularly the presence of iron and other metal oxides.

What shapes does Moldavite occur in?

It occurs as drop-shaped, oval, elongated, disc-shaped and irregular specimens with smooth or deeply sculptured natural surfaces.

Are there fake Moldavites?

Yes. Artificial green glass imitations are common on the market. For valuable specimens, documented provenance and professional identification are highly recommended.

Can Moldavite be used in jewellery?

Yes. Transparent pieces are often cut into faceted gemstones or cabochons. As natural glass, however, Moldavite is relatively brittle and should be protected from impacts.

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