Carneol

Carneol is a semi-precious stone and a color variety of chalcedon (microcrystalline varieties of quartz). The orange-red carnelian discoloration causes the creole (Fe2O3 / hematite) to form, and has also been named after that color. It occurs all over the world as a filler of magma and sedimentary rocks, where they are poured out of silicic acid solutions. The most famous site was from ancient times in the deserts of Arabia and Egypt. 

Carnelian – natural chalcedony with a typical orange-red color

Carnelian is a popular variety of chalcedony (SiO₂), which stands out with its warm color spectrum from light orange to deep red. This color is caused by the presence of iron oxide (Fe³⁺) in the quartz structure.

Carnelian was already valued as a jewelry and decorative stone in ancient times – it was used in amulets, sealers and jewelry inlays. Thanks to its aesthetics and availability, carnelian is still sought after today both among collectors and for the production of jewelry and decorative objects.

Main properties:

color: orange, orange-red to brownish-red

chemical composition: silicon dioxide SiO₂ with Fe³⁺ admixture

appearance: translucent to semi-translucent, often with subtle color transitions

use: jewelry, collection minerals, decorative objects

Mineralogical data:

chemical composition: SiO₂

group: quartz minerals - chalcedony

crystal system: trigonal (fibrous microstructure)

hardness: 6.5–7 Mohs

luster: waxy to vitreous

fracture: conch

Carnelian is one of the classic and affordable collector's stones. Its color and history make it an attractive mineral that should not be missing from any collection.

What is carnelian?
Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony (SiO₂), known for its orange-red color caused by iron oxide.

Where does carnelian come from?
Traditionally mined in India and Brazil, today also in Madagascar, Uruguay and other locations.

What are its properties?
Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs, waxy to glassy luster, translucent to semi-translucent appearance.

What is carnelian used for?
Most often in jewelry (beads, pendants, cabochons), and as a decorative and collector's stone.

Does carnelian have historical significance?
Yes, it was used in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia as a protective stone, in amulets and jewelry.